What's The Islamic Rule On 'istimna' (masturbation)?
As salam alaikum warahmotullah wabarakatu.
Firstly, what is "Istimna" (masturbation)?
Masturbation is the forceful act of stroking ones' private part in order to enjoy the pleasure coming from it.
Masturbation is the forceful act of stroking ones' private part in order to enjoy the pleasure coming from it.
SCHOOL OF THOUGHT VIEW
There are varying opinions on its permissibility. It's forbidden in the Twelve school of the Shi'a denomination of Islam and all its associated subdivisions. It is considered haram (unpermissble) according to the Matila Madh'hab. The Hanafi school has a more permissive outlook. According to Ibn Hazm and the Hanbali Madh'hab, It is halal (permissible) only under two conditions. First, the fear of commiting fornication or adultery, and second, not having the means to marry.
Sheikh Assim al-Hakeem stated that masturbation is halal but only if one is otherwise definitely going to fornicate. Varous scholarly thoughts concluding it being halal include the following.
Ibn al-Qayyim, a 14th century Sunni Islamic Scholar:
Ibn Aqil said:
"and many of our scholars have ruled that masturbation is 'makrah' (dislike), and never explicitly said that it was haram"..
Next he cites the opinion of Ibn Aqil on the conditions that make a masturbation halal.
"if a man is turned between continued desire or releasing it, and if this man does not have a wife and he fears he will suffer because of this (someone like a prisoner, or a pauper), then it is permissible for him to masturbate," and Ahmad (Ibn Hanbal) is explicit on this.
Ibn Aqil said:
"and many of our scholars have ruled that masturbation is 'makrah' (dislike), and never explicitly said that it was haram"..
Next he cites the opinion of Ibn Aqil on the conditions that make a masturbation halal.
"if a man is turned between continued desire or releasing it, and if this man does not have a wife and he fears he will suffer because of this (someone like a prisoner, or a pauper), then it is permissible for him to masturbate," and Ahmad (Ibn Hanbal) is explicit on this.
And afterwards Ibn al-Qayyim said,
"And the right for me is that it is illegal, because the prophet (saw) guided one who has a desire, and could not marry to fast."
"And the right for me is that it is illegal, because the prophet (saw) guided one who has a desire, and could not marry to fast."
Those of the view that it is haraam.
* Malik Ibn Anas
* Muhammad Ibn Idris ash-Shafi'i
* Abu Hanifa an-Nu'man
* Ibn Kathir
* Al-Qurbubi
* Shi'a
Some have quoted one narration from Ahmad Ibn Hanbal.
* Malik Ibn Anas
* Muhammad Ibn Idris ash-Shafi'i
* Abu Hanifa an-Nu'man
* Ibn Kathir
* Al-Qurbubi
* Shi'a
Some have quoted one narration from Ahmad Ibn Hanbal.
QUR'AN VIEW
The Qur'an itself is silent on the subject of masturbation, however many scholars have quoted certain ayats that claim state that masturbation is forbidden.
Allah says:
"And those who guard their private part save their wives and those (slave girls) which their right hands own- so their is no blame upon them. Then whoever seeks beyond that (which is lawful), they are the transgressors" (surah Al-Mu'minoon: verse 5&6)
"And those who guard their private part save their wives and those (slave girls) which their right hands own- so their is no blame upon them. Then whoever seeks beyond that (which is lawful), they are the transgressors" (surah Al-Mu'minoon: verse 5&6)
Ibn Omid Stanakzai, a 14th century Sunni Islamic Scholar said that Imam Shafi'i and those who have agreed with him have concluded that masturbation is haram from the above verse. He says;
"Masturbation is excluded from these two types which Allah (swt) has made Halaal, viz, wives and slave-girls".
Under the exegis of this verse, Qadi Thanaullah Panipati writes:
" Imam Bagahawi has deduced from this Aayat that masturbation is haraam"
"Masturbation is excluded from these two types which Allah (swt) has made Halaal, viz, wives and slave-girls".
Under the exegis of this verse, Qadi Thanaullah Panipati writes:
" Imam Bagahawi has deduced from this Aayat that masturbation is haraam"
HADITH VIEW
Some Hadith that are quoted be in support of masturbation being Haram include;
A narration attributed to Abdullah Ibn Mas'ood reports;
"We were with the Prophet (saw) while we were young and no health whatsoever. So Allah's Messenger (saw) said "O young people! Whoever among you can marry should marry, because it helps him lower his gaze and guard his modesty (i.e. His private parts from comitting illegal sexual intercourse etc) and whoever is not able to marry, should fast, as fasting diminishes his sexual power" (Bukhari 5066).
A narration attributed to Abdullah Ibn Mas'ood reports;
"We were with the Prophet (saw) while we were young and no health whatsoever. So Allah's Messenger (saw) said "O young people! Whoever among you can marry should marry, because it helps him lower his gaze and guard his modesty (i.e. His private parts from comitting illegal sexual intercourse etc) and whoever is not able to marry, should fast, as fasting diminishes his sexual power" (Bukhari 5066).
However, prophet Muhammad (saw) recommended Fasting and did not mention Masturbation.
Ibn Kathir wrote in volume 5, 458:
A narration attributed to Hasan Ibn Arafah reports:
"Nabi (Sallallah alayhi wa sallam) said, 'seven persons are such that Allah will not look at them on the Day of Qiyaamah, nor will He purify them, nor will He include them amon the learned and Allah will enter them into Jahannam. They will enter Jahannam first except for those who repent. As for those who repent, Allah will their repentance.
1. A person who masturbated
2. A person who performs the act of sodomy.
3. A person whom the act of sodomy is performed.
4. A perpetual drunkard.
5. The person who hit parents so much that the appeal for help.
6. The person who harms his neighbour so much that they curse him.
7. The person who commits adultery with his neighbour's wife.
A narration attributed to Hasan Ibn Arafah reports:
"Nabi (Sallallah alayhi wa sallam) said, 'seven persons are such that Allah will not look at them on the Day of Qiyaamah, nor will He purify them, nor will He include them amon the learned and Allah will enter them into Jahannam. They will enter Jahannam first except for those who repent. As for those who repent, Allah will their repentance.
1. A person who masturbated
2. A person who performs the act of sodomy.
3. A person whom the act of sodomy is performed.
4. A perpetual drunkard.
5. The person who hit parents so much that the appeal for help.
6. The person who harms his neighbour so much that they curse him.
7. The person who commits adultery with his neighbour's wife.
It is pointing out that Ibn Kathir's works are interpretative commentary and not a part of the Qur'an itself.
This is a Daeef (weak) Hadith.
Other quoted material include from Tafsir al-Mazhari Vol. 12 p. 94.
A narration attributed to Anas ibn Malik reports:
"Rasulullah (saw) said, ' The person who performs Nikah with his hands (i.e masturbates) is cursed."
Quoted from these after the Sahaba.
A narration attributed to sa'id ibn Jubayr reports;
"Rasulullah said:'Allah will inflict a punishment on a group of people because they played with their private part
This is a Daeef (weak) Hadith.
Other quoted material include from Tafsir al-Mazhari Vol. 12 p. 94.
A narration attributed to Anas ibn Malik reports:
"Rasulullah (saw) said, ' The person who performs Nikah with his hands (i.e masturbates) is cursed."
Quoted from these after the Sahaba.
A narration attributed to sa'id ibn Jubayr reports;
"Rasulullah said:'Allah will inflict a punishment on a group of people because they played with their private part
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